Cracking the Capsid: Lenacapavir and the Next Chapter in HIV Treatment and Prevention

Each year the recipient(s) of the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize are recognized at a scientific symposium hosted by Harvard Medical School.

2025 Warren Alpert Foundation Prize Symposium

The Warren Alpert Foundation and Harvard Medical School invite you to our annual scientific symposium, recognizing three scientists whose discoveries led to lenacapavir — a groundbreaking medication that offers new hope for preventing and treating HIV and accelerating the end of the epidemic.

Tomas Cihlar

Tomas Cihlar | 2025 Recipient

Tomas Cihlar, PhD is a Senior Vice President of Research at Gilead overseeing drug discovery and preclinical research in virology. He joined Gilead three decades ago after obtaining his PhD in biochemistry from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, Czech Republic. Over the years, Dr Cihlar has contributed to the discovery, development and regulatory approval of multiple antiviral products including an extensive portfolio of Gilead’s innovative HIV drugs and their combinations. Together with his colleagues at Gilead he established broad research programs focused on novel long-acting drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV, new approaches for the cure of HIV and viral hepatitis, as well as treatment of respiratory and emerging viral infections. Dr Cihlar played key roles in the discovery and development of lenacapavir, the first long-acting HIV capsid inhibitor, and remdesivir that was approved by US FDA as the first antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Dr Cihlar is serving on boards of directors of several organizations including the Intrepid Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness, Global Virus Network, and Assembly Biosciences.

John Link

John Link | 2025 Recipient

John O. Link, PhD, was Vice President, Medicinal Chemistry at Gilead Sciences from 2006-2020, where he led a group of research chemists working in antiviral and anti-inflammatory programs.

 

Dr. Link is a co-inventor of four approved drugs discovered in his research group: the curative hepatitis C drugs ledipasvir (NS5A inhibitor), velpatasvir (pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor), and voxilaprevir (pan-genotypic NS3/4A protease inhibitor), which are components in Harvoni®, Epclusa® and Vosevi®, and the HIV capsid inhibitor lenacapavir (Sunlenca®). He was the discovery-stage and Phase 1 development project leader for the ledipasvir and velpatasvir programs and an early research project leader for the lenacapavir program. Harvoni® was the first approved interferon-free regimen to cure the most prevalent HCV genotype. Millions of individuals worldwide have been cured with these HCV medications. Lenacapavir, a new antiviral modality, is the only approved drug targeting a viral capsid. Further, lenacapavir is the only twice-yearly dosed medication for HIV treatment and, if approved, for HIV prevention. Prior to Gilead, Dr. Link was a chemist with increasing leadership roles at Syntex/Roche and Arris/Celera and is presently a Scientific Advisor at Actio Biosciences and SAB member at Terremoto Biosciences. Throughout John’s career he has sought to discover ultrapotent medications with extremely high levels of resilience to metabolism in the liver while fostering a collaborative environment where all voices are heard, and where each chemist and team member is empowered to contribute creatively.

 

John attended public elementary and high-school, received his BA in chemistry from the University of Minnesota, and his PhD in Organic Chemistry working in the laboratory of Professor EJ Corey at Harvard University where they co-discovered the Corey-Link Reaction.

Dr. Link was awarded the American Chemical Society’s 2015 Heroes of Chemistry for his contributions to the discovery of Harvoni®, the 2017 inaugural Male Ally Award from the Women at Gilead employee resource group, and the Chinese American Biopharmaceutical Society’s 2021 K. Fong Award in Life Sciences and is an author on over 30 publications and an inventor on over 70 patents.

Wesley Sundquist

Wesley Sundquist | 2025 Recipient

Wes Sundquist is the Samuels Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine. He received a BA in chemistry from Carleton College, a PhD in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and did postdoctoral research with Sir Aaron Klug at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. His research interests stem from the lab’s work on HIV assembly and replication. He and his collaborators defined the architecture and functions of the HIV capsid and demonstrated that the capsid could be a druggable target, supporting the development of Lenacapavir by Gilead Sciences. His lab also studies the virology, biochemistry and cell biology of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, and they showed that HIV usurps this host pathway to bud from cells. His awards and honors include the Horwitz Prize for Biochemistry (Columbia University), the TIME100 2025 list of most influential people, the Bhaumik Breakthrough of the Year Prize (Science Magazine), and the World Laureate Association Prize for Life Sciences (WLA Foundation). He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Wes and his wife Nola have two adult children, Chris and Nola.

Symposium Program

Each year the recipient(s) of the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize are recognized at a scientific symposium hosted by Harvard Medical School.

Opening Remarks

George Q. Daley, MD, PhD

Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Caroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine

Bruce Walker, MD

Director, Ragon Institute of Mass General Brigham, MIT, and Harvard

Award Lectures

Tomas Cihlar, PhD

Senior Vice President of Research, Gilead Sciences

John Link, PhD

Vice President, Medicinal Chemistry, Gilead Sciences (Retd.) Scientific Advisor, Actio Biosciences SAB member, Terremoto Biosciences

Wesley Sundquist, PhD

Professor and Chair of Biochemistry, University of Utah

Invited Speakers

Linda-Gail Bekker, MD, PhD

Professor and Director of the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town and Chief Executive Officer of the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, South Africa

Conversation with Bill Gates

Chair, Gates Foundation, and Founder, Breakthrough Energy and TerraPower, interviewed by Bruce Walker, MD (by video recording)

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Past Symposia

For questions about the prize, please contact us.

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I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Warren Alpert Foundation and Harvard Medical School for awarding me such a great honor. For me, this award is not only an honor but a responsibility.
- Tu Youyou

Tu Youyou | 2015 Recipient

For their pioneering discoveries in chemistry and parasitology, and personal commitments to translate these into effective chemotherapeutic and vaccine-based approaches to control malaria - their collective work will impact millions of lives globally particularly in the developing countries.

Tu Youyou is currently a Professor and Director of Qinghaosu Research Center at Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

Tu joined the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM), China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CATCM) (renamed China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, CACMS in 2005) in 1955 after graduation from School of Pharmacy, Beijing Medical College (1951 – 1955).  She late attended a two and half year course on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (1959-1962) - an in depth training specifically designed and offered to the graduates with Western medical background.  Over more than forty years, Tu has been working in the institute as a research assistant, assistant professor, associate professor, professor and director of the Chemistry Department.  She also holds a chief professor position of CACMS as well as members of Phytochemistry Society of China Pharmaceutical Association; Chinese Society of Traditional and Natural Drugs; Council member and Founding Member of Chinese Association of Invention; Executive Committee of All-China Women's Federation (1988-93) and a committee member of Beijing Committee of Natural Science Foundation (1995-97).

Tu’s research on anti-malaria drugs started in 1969 when she was appointed to head the Project 523 research group at the institute.  Project 523 was a secret military program initiated by the Chinese leadership in 1967 in supporting Vietnam government for searching medicines to treat anti chloroquine-resistant malaria.  Tremendous efforts had been made both in US and China but no effective drugs were found by the time Tu accepted the task.

Tu started with collection of over 2000 candidate recipes from which she and her team later screened over hundreds of herbal extracts.  Only one of the extracts from Qinghao (Artemisia annua L.) showed some promising effect, which however was not consistent and reproducible.  Tu further reviewed all available tradition Chinese medicine literatures and noticed a paragraph “Take a handful of Qinghao, soak in two liters of water, strain the liquid, and drink” in the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies (340 CE) authored by Ge Hong.  She realized that the heating applied during extraction might have damaged the active components in the herb.  With this in mind, Tu re-designed low temperature extraction approaches using the solvents with low boiling points.  On the 4th October 1971, a neutral ether extract numbered 191 was found 100% effective in clearing Plasmodia in the mice and monkey test models.  To prove safety of the Qinghao extract and expedite the project, Tu and other two colleagues volunteered in the toxicity study on themselves in July 1972.  Between August and October 1972, Tu and her team carried out the first clinical trial in southern China in which all thirty-one patients treated with the Qinghao extract recovered from the disease.  Subsequent to the first clinical trial, Tu and her colleagues further purified the extract and obtained a pure active crystalline in November 1972.  The compound was late named Qinghaosu (Artemisinin).

Over last several decades, Tu has continued her effort in fighting against malaria.  She and her colleagues developed artemisinin into a medicine and late the team further developed dihydro-artemisinin, another anti-malaria drug, which is ten fold more effective than artemisinin itself.

Tu’s achievement in the discovery of artemisinin and its application in the malaria treatment as well as her unanimous contribution to the healthcare of human being have been well recognized nationally and internationally.  She was honored the Lasker ~ Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2011.  Tu also received numerous awards nationally which include “Award for Progress in Anti-malarial Research Achieved by Project 523 Scientific Team” honored by China National Congress of Science and Technology (1978); “National Scientific Discovery Award” for Anti-malaria Drug-Qinghaosu by the China Ministry of Science and Technology (1979); “Invention Award” (as the first inventor) by China National Congress for Awards in Science and Technology (1982); “Award of Young and Middle-aged Experts with Outstanding Contribution” by the Chinese Government (1984); “The Top Honorary Award” by China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1992); “The Top Ten National Achievements for Progress in Science and Technology” by China National Committee of Science and Technology (1992); “First-Class Award of National Achievements in Science and Technology” by China National Award Committee for Advances in Science and Technology (1992); “National Model” by China State Council (1995); “Award for Outstanding Achievement in Traditional Chinese Medicine” by Guangzhou Zhongjing Award Foundation for Traditional Chinese Medicine (1995); “Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award” by Qiu Shi Science and Technologies Foundation of Hong Kong (1996); “Top Ten Health Achievements in New China” by China Ministry of Health (1997); “Female Inventor of the New Century” by China National Bureau of Intellectual Property (2002); “Golden Medal of the 14th National Invention Exhibition” by China National Bureau of Intellectual Property (2003); “Award for Development of Chinese Materia Medica” by Cyrus Chung Ying Tang Foundation, (2009).  She also received “Prince Mahidol Award” by Thailand Prince Mahidol Award Foundation (2003),  “GlaxoSmithKline Award for Outstanding Achievements in Life Science” (2011), Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award(2011), and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(2015).

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